Glorioso Islands (2003) | Spratly Islands (2004) | |
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Airports | 1 (2002) | 3 (2003 est.) |
Airports - with paved runways | - | total: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 1 less than 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002) |
total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
Area | total: 5 sq km
land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ile Glorieuse, Ile du Lys, Verte Rocks, Wreck Rock, and South Rock |
total: less than 5 sq km
land: less than 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea |
Area - comparative | about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | NA |
Background | A French possession since 1892, the Glorioso Islands are composed of two lushly vegetated coral islands (Ile Glorieuse and Ile du Lys) and three rock islets. A military garrison operates a weather and radio station on Ile Glorieuse. | The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef, but has not made any formal claim. |
Climate | tropical | tropical |
Coastline | 35.2 km | 926 km |
Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Glorioso Islands local long form: none local short form: Iles Glorieuses |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Spratly Islands |
Dependency status | possession of France; administered by a high commissioner of the Republic, resident in Reunion | - |
Diplomatic representation from the US | none (possession of France) | - |
Diplomatic representation in the US | none (possession of France) | - |
Disputes - international | claimed by Madagascar | all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the reef; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" |
Economy - overview | no economic activity | Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored; there are no reliable estimates of potential reserves; commercial exploitation has yet to be developed. |
Elevation extremes | lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 12 m |
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m |
Environment - current issues | NA | NA |
Flag description | the flag of France is used | - |
Geographic coordinates | 11 30 S, 47 20 E | 8 38 N, 111 55 E |
Geography - note | the islands and rocks are surrounded by an extensive reef system | strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs |
Irrigated land | 0 sq km (1998 est.) | 0 sq km (1998 est.) |
Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms) (1998 est.) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001) |
Legal system | the laws of France, where applicable, apply | - |
Location | Southern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Madagascar | Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines |
Map references | Africa | Southeast Asia |
Maritime claims | exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
NA |
Military - note | defense is the responsibility of France | Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam |
Natural hazards | periodic cyclones | typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals |
Natural resources | guano, coconuts | fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential |
Population | no indigenous inhabitants
note: there is a small French military garrison along with a few meteorologists; visited by scientists (July 2003 est.) |
no indigenous inhabitants
note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (July 2004 est.) |
Ports and harbors | none; offshore anchorage only | none; offshore anchorage only |
Terrain | low and flat | flat |
Waterways | none | - |